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Transverse Magneto-Optical effect

Magnetization-dependent optical loss

The expression, which described optical loss in the case of transverse MO, effect will be derived. Utilizing a few very general facts, the important properties of the effect are derived. Expression (14) can be applied to calculate and estimate the transverse MO effect for a variety of possible structure. It can be applied to plasmons, hybrids waveguides, slab and rib waveguides and more. Eqn.(14) is main result. This method may be used for calculations of the transverse MO effect in devices with complex shape. For the devices with less complex shape the usage of simple rigorous method is preferable.

 

In the following we will calculate the magnetization-dependent loss for a very general structure, which contains a ferromagnetic metals and a transparent dielectric. The metals absorb the light and there is MO effect in the metal. The light along z direction. Let us to put as less  limitations on the structure as possible. Only we assume that the light is confined inside the structure, so

Because there is a metal inside the structure, light experience an optical loss, so there is a loss of energy, when the light propagates along z direction. The electrical and magnetic field of light can be described as

1

where A(x,y,z) is the slowly-varied function along z. nz is the effective refractive index and kz is the absorption coefficient.

Since the wave is absorbed, the energy flow is decreasing along z axis and Poynting vector is

2

The optical loss can be calculated as

3

Poynting theorem reads

4

where U is the energy density of the electromagnetic wave. Integrating Exp.(4) we obtain

 

4a

Since there is no flux when 4b

6

Substituting (6) into (3) gives

Since an energy dissipation is only inside metal, (7) is simplified to

The energy dissipation in the metal is calculated as

Next we will use averaging over time, so parts, which have exp term, will become zero  

The permittivity tensor for metal is

and (9) is simplified as

where

is the transverse ellipticity. Substituting (9) into (8), we have  

in the case when the metal is single-layered and semi-infinite, (12) will be

In the case when the  magnetization of is  reversed the permittivity tensor of the metal changes to

and optical loss will be

if the field distribution does not change MO figure-of-merit will be

Exp. (17) describes bulk contribution to transverse MO effect. It is linearly proportional to the transverse ellipticity. The ratio of integrals in right part of (14) describes the interface contribution. Even it is more complicated, but it also is proportional to the transverse ellipticity.

 

 

 

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